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Published August 25, 2021

The Role of Capsular Release After Distal Humerus Fracture

Background Distal humerus fractures are complex injuries managed by orthopaedic surgeons secondary to possible intra-articular involvement, comminution, and subsequent complications. Elbow stiffness is one of the most common complications encountered after the surgical repair of distal humerus fractures. Because the distal humerus plays a vital role in preserving elbow joint function, posttraumatic elbow stiffness may greatly limit functional range of motion and affect patient quality of life. Elbow stiffness can be managed nonsurgically or surgically, with varying degrees of patient response to these treatment options. One treatment option that can be used is open contracture release, with the removal of any offending hardware and nerve transposition. Purpose This video demonstrates the role of capsular release in restoring elbow function and range of motion after open reduction and internal fixation of a distal humerus fracture. Methods The anatomy, classification, diagnosis, and management of elbow stiffness after distal humerus fracture are reviewed. The surgical indications and considerations, including approach and repair, are discussed. The case presentation of a 70-year-old right-hand–dominant man presenting 5 months after open reduction and internal fixation of a left distal humerus fracture via bicolumnar plating and an olecranon osteotomy is discussed. The patient had elbow range of motion from 30&[deg] to 107&[deg] in the flexion-extension plane. Open capsular release was indicated. Results Open capsular release is an effective treatment option to manage elbow stiffness in patients who undergo open reduction and internal fixation of a distal humerus fracture. Conclusion Elbow stiffness is the most common complication after the fixation of distal humerus fractures. Various nonsurgical and surgical treatment options can be used to manage elbow stiffness, each of which is associated with advantages and disadvantages. We present our technique for and outcomes of contracture release and discuss hardware removal, neurolysis, and lateral ulnar collateral ligament repair for the management of elbow stiffness after the fixation of distal humerus fractures. Excellent results and return of function is reported in these patients.